Phenotypic Expression and Underlying Genotypic Determinants of Fosfomycin Resistance Among Bacterial Isolates Recovered from Urinary Tract Infections at JK Hospital, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh

Komal Vasant Gayakwad; Munesh kumar Sharma

Phenotypic Expression and Underlying Genotypic Determinants of Fosfomycin Resistance Among Bacterial Isolates Recovered from Urinary Tract Infections at JK Hospital, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh

Author(s)	Komal Vasant Gayakwad, Dr. Munesh kumar Sharma
Country	India
Abstract	Urinary tract infections (UTIs) remain among the most common bacterial infections encountered in clinical practice. Fosfomycin is increasingly used for the treatment of uncomplicated UTIs due to its broad spectrum activity and favorable pharmacokinetic profile. However, the emergence of fosfomycin resistance among uropathogens has become a growing concern worldwide. The present study aimed to evaluate the phenotypic expression and underlying genotypic determinants of fosfomycin resistance among bacterial isolates recovered from urinary tract infections in patients attending JK Hospital. A cross-sectional laboratory-based study was conducted over a period of one year. A total of 70 bacterial isolates were obtained from urine samples of clinically suspected UTI patients. Bacterial identification was performed using standard microbiological methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing including fosfomycin susceptibility was determined by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assays were performed to detect resistance genes including fosA, glpT, uhpT, and murA. Among the 70 isolates, Escherichia coli was the most predominant pathogen followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus spp., and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Phenotypic resistance to fosfomycin was observed in 14.3% of isolates. Molecular analysis revealed the presence of fosA gene in 8 isolates, while mutations associated with glpT and uhpT genes were identified in several resistant strains. These genes are known to influence fosfomycin uptake and enzymatic inactivation. Resistance mechanisms often involve mutations in transporter genes or production of fosfomycin-modifying enzymes that inactivate the antibiotic. The study highlights the emergence of fosfomycin resistance among uropathogens and emphasizes the importance of continuous surveillance and molecular monitoring to preserve the effectiveness of fosfomycin in the treatment of UTIs.
Published In	Volume 8, Issue 4, July-August 2026
Published On	2026-07-13

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CrossRef DOI prefix of IJFMR is 10.36948/ijfmr

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Phenotypic Expression and Underlying Genotypic Determinants of Fosfomycin Resistance Among Bacterial Isolates Recovered from Urinary Tract Infections at JK Hospital, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh

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