International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Employment Guarantee as a Labour Market Intervention: The Indian Experience

Author(s) Dr. Minhaj Uddin Barbhuiya
Country India
Abstract Employment guarantee programmes have emerged as an important labour market intervention through which governments act as the Employer of Last Resort (ELR) to address unemployment, poverty, and livelihood insecurity. This paper provides a conceptual analysis of employment guarantee with particular reference to the Indian experience. It describes the evolution of public employment programmes in India from the Rural Works Programme of 1961 to the enactment of the National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) in 2005 and the implementation of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA). The paper examines the rationale for employment guarantee as an active labour market policy and highlights its role in providing income security, stabilising rural labour markets, reducing seasonal unemployment, and creating productive rural assets. The paper further discusses the emergence of complementary rural livelihood and skill development programmes and recent policy reforms aimed at strengthening employment generation and livelihood security. It concludes that employment guarantee has evolved from temporary public works to a rights-based labour market institution that contributes to inclusive growth, social protection, and sustainable rural development.
Keywords Keywords: Employment Guarantee; Employer of Last Resort (ELR); Labour Market Intervention; MGNREGA; VB-G RAM G.
Field Sociology > Economics
Published In Volume 8, Issue 4, July-August 2026
Published On 2026-07-13
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i04.83670
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