A Review of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Applications in the Internet of Things

Vishwanath Kapoor; Mathew Wintters

doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i04.83902

A Review of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Applications in the Internet of Things

Author(s)	Vishwanath Kapoor, Mathew Wintters
Country	India
Abstract	The Internet of Things (IoT) generates vast amounts of data from billions of connected devices, and artificial intelligence (AI), particularly machine learning (ML), has become the primary means of turning that data into useful action. This review surveys how AI and ML are applied across the IoT. The main families of learning techniques used in IoT settings are first outlined, including supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning, deep learning, federated learning, and the on-device methods grouped under TinyML. The application of these techniques is then reviewed across several domains. Data analytics and predictive maintenance are considered first, where ML is used to forecast equipment failures and reduce downtime. Applications in healthcare, smart cities, and industry are then surveyed. The use of AI for IoT security, especially for intrusion and anomaly detection, is examined next, followed by the more recent use of AI, including large language model (LLM) based and agentic systems, for managing IoT networks. The main challenges are identified, including data quality, limited device resources, privacy, and the reliability of autonomous systems, and directions for future work are suggested. A broad and current map of where AI and ML are used in the IoT, and of the problems that remain, is intended to be provided for practitioners and researchers.
Keywords	Internet of Things, Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence, Deep Learning, Edge AI, Predictive Maintenance
Field	Computer > Network / Security
Published In	Volume 8, Issue 4, July-August 2026
Published On	2026-07-18
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i04.83902

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A Review of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Applications in the Internet of Things

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