International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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Volume 8 Issue 4
July-August 2026

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Eco-Friendly Detergent Formulation Using Cellulolytic and Proteolytic Bacterial Enzymes from Waste Paper & Pistachio Shells

Author(s) Ms. Afra Shaikh, Ms. Tanya Mondal, Prof. Dr. Savanta V. Raut
Country India
Abstract The increasing generation of paper waste has highlighted the need for sustainable waste management approaches. This study aimed to isolate and characterize cellulolytic and proteolytic bacteria from waste paper and evaluate their crude enzymes for use in enzyme-based detergent formulations. Waste paper samples were screened on Skim milk agar and Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) agar with Congo red staining. Selected isolates were characterized by morphological, Gram staining, and biochemical tests, while hydrolytic capacity and enzyme production were assessed using the Folin Ciocalteu and DNS methods. The most efficient isolates were incorporated individually and in combination into detergent formulations, and their cleaning performance was evaluated by stain removal and colorimetric analysis. Eight proteolytic and five cellulolytic bacterial isolates were obtained. Among these, P1 exhibited the highest protease production, while C5 showed the greatest cellulase production and hydrolytic efficiency. Enzyme-based formulations outperformed the enzyme-free control, with combined cellulase and protease producing the best cleaning performance due to synergistic action. These findings demonstrate that waste paper is a valuable source of hydrolytic enzyme-producing bacteria and highlight the potential of their crude enzymes for eco-friendly detergent formulations, sustainable waste valorization, and green biotechnological applications.
Keywords Waste Paper, Cellulase, Protease, Enzyme Biotechnology, Eco-Friendly Detergent, Waste Valorization.
Field Biology
Published In Volume 8, Issue 4, July-August 2026
Published On 2026-07-21
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E-ISSN 2582-2160
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CrossRef DOI prefix of IJFMR is 10.36948/ijfmr

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