International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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Volume 8 Issue 4
July-August 2026

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WHEN NUMBERS RESHAPE THE CONSTITUTION: A CONSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE 131ST AMENDMENT BILL, 2026 AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR BICAMERALISM, FEDERALISM, AND EXECUTIVE ACCOUNTABILITY

Author(s) Dr. Manoj Kumar Sharma
Country India
Abstract The Constitution (131st Amendment) Bill, 2026, introduced alongside the Delimitation Bill, 2026, represented one of the most significant proposals for restructuring India's parliamentary framework since the constitutional freeze on delimitation. By proposing to operationalize the Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam, 2023 through the adoption of the 2011 Census as the basis for delimitation and by increasing the maximum strength of the Lok Sabha from 550 to 850 members, the Bill sought to recalibrate the architecture of representative democracy in India. Although the Bill failed to obtain the constitutionally mandated special majority under Article 368, it generated an important constitutional discourse concerning the future of parliamentary representation, federalism, and institutional governance. This paper adopts a doctrinal research methodology to critically examine the constitutional validity and institutional implications of the proposed amendment through an analysis of constitutional provisions, judicial precedents, parliamentary debates, government reports, and scholarly literature. It argues that the proposed expansion of the Lok Sabha, without a corresponding enhancement of the Rajya Sabha's institutional strength, has the potential to dilute the effectiveness of bicameralism during Joint Sittings under Article 108 and thereby weaken an essential federal safeguard. The study further evaluates the constitutional implications of population-based delimitation on regional representation, cooperative federalism, and demographic justice, while analysing the unintended expansion of the Union Executive resulting from the operation of Article 75(1A). Drawing upon the Constituent Assembly Debates, comparative constitutional practices, and the Basic Structure Doctrine, the paper contends that constitutional reforms affecting parliamentary representation must preserve the delicate balance between democratic equality, federal participation, and institutional accountability. It concludes by proposing constitutionally sustainable alternatives that reconcile electoral reform with the preservation of India's federal structure, bicameral equilibrium, and principles of responsible governance.
Keywords Constitution (131st Amendment) Bill, 2026; Delimitation; Bicameralism; Rajya Sabha; Cooperative Federalism; Basic Structure Doctrine; Parliamentary Representation; Article 108; Article 75(1A); Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam, 2023.
Published In Volume 8, Issue 4, July-August 2026
Published On 2026-07-25
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E-ISSN 2582-2160
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CrossRef DOI prefix of IJFMR is 10.36948/ijfmr

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