International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Buddhist Symbols in Circulation: Triratna Iconography in Ancient Indian Coinage

Author(s) Mr. Sarthak Saini
Country India
Abstract The Triratna (Three Jewels) — the Buddha, the Dhamma, and the Sangha — forms the central spiritual and philosophical core of Buddhism. While Buddhist literature elaborates upon the Triratna as the ultimate refuge and the foundation of moral and intellectual life, its visual expression across ancient Indian coinage reveals how sacred knowledge transcended textual boundaries to enter the public sphere. This study explores Triratna as a dynamic symbol that bridges Buddhist literature and the Indian Knowledge System (IKS) through numismatic media. Drawing from canonical sources such as the Dhammapada and Vinaya Pitaka, and analysing coins from the Mauryan, Shunga, Satavahana, and Kushana periods, the paper examines how the Triratna evolved as a marker of ethical, philosophical, and epistemic ideals.
The appearance of the Triratna alongside motifs like the Dharma Chakra, Bodhi Tree, and Stupa demonstrates a sophisticated integration of literary symbolism with artistic and technological craftsmanship. These coins functioned not merely as economic instruments but also as vehicles for preserving, creating, and disseminating knowledge — embodying the Buddhist vision of harmony between spiritual insight and material culture. Through an iconographic and textual analysis, this paper argues that the Triratna symbol represents an early form of visual knowledge communication in the IKS framework, linking moral philosophy, aesthetics, and social education. Thus, the Triratna on coinage stands as a testament to the enduring unity between Buddhist intellectual tradition and India’s broader civilizational understanding of knowledge.
Keywords Buddhist Coinage, Buddhist Literature, Dhamma, Indian Knowledge System, Mauryan, Symbolism.
Field Arts
Published In Volume 8, Issue 4, July-August 2026
Published On 2026-07-29
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i04.84704
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CrossRef DOI prefix of IJFMR is 10.36948/ijfmr

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