International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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Self-care Practices for Blood Glucose Control among Patients with Type 1 Diabetes Attending Diabetes Clinic in Rwanda.

Author(s) Mr. MBANZIMANA Moise, Japheths Ogendi
Country Rwanda
Abstract Background
Diabetes is a growing global public health issue in all age group. Common complications in type 1 diabetes underscore the importance of effective self-care.
Objective
This study aimed to assess self-care practices level for blood glucose control among patients with type 1 diabetes in Rwanda.
Method
A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to February 2026, involving 263 patients with type 1 diabetes attending for follow-up at RDA Diabetes clinic. Data were collected using a questionnaire evaluating key self-care domains such as medication adherence, home glucose monitoring, diet, physical activity, and foot care. Glucose control was defined as glucosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≤8%. A descriptive analysis was used to determine self-care practices and blood glucose control levels while associations between both were analyzed using Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression.
The overall, 61.2% of participants reported good self-care practices, with medication adherence highest (88.4%), followed by home glucose monitoring (63.4%), diet (56.8%), physical activity (48.2%) and foot care (47.6%); only 4.7% reported smoking or alcohol use. Despite this, only 37.3% achieved controlled blood glucose. Good medication adherence (AOR=3.1, 95% CI:1.58-6.14) and home glucose monitoring (AOR=2.4, 95% CI:1.33-4.37) were significantly associated with controlled HbA1c, while dietary practice showed a modest association (AOR=1.9, 95% CI:1.04-3.42); physical activity and foot care were not significant predictors.
Conclusion
Although over half reported good self-care practices, most did not achieve adequate glucose control, highlighting the need to strengthen self-care practices especially medication adherence and home glucose monitoring.
Keywords Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 Diabetes, Self-care Practice, Blood Glucose Control, Glucosilated Hemoglobin
Field Sociology > Health
Published In Volume 8, Issue 4, July-August 2026
Published On 2026-08-07
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i04.84757
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