International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Volume 8 Issue 4
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Radiographic Evaluation of Gender Dimorphism in Mandibular Ramus Morphometry using Digital Orthopantomograms in a Central India

Author(s) Mr. Ramashankar Yadav, Dr Rajendra Singh, Dr. Manish Gupta
Country India
Abstract Background: Gender estimation is a crucial aspect of forensic identification, particularly when fragmented skeletal remains are encountered. The mandible, owing to its durability and resistance to postmortem changes, serves as an important anatomical structure for gender determination. Digital orthopantomography (OPG) provides a reliable and non-invasive method for evaluating mandibular morphometric parameters.
Aim: To evaluate gender-related differences in mandibular ramus morphometry using digital orthopantomograms in a Central Indian population and to assess their utility in forensic identification.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 380 digital OPGs obtained from adults aged 18 years and above. Morphometric parameters including maximum ramus breadth, minimum ramus breadth, condylar height, projective ramus height, coronoid height, gonial angle, and selected dental measurements were evaluated using DICOM-based image analysis software. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Of the 380 OPGs analyzed, 198 (52.1%) belonged to males and 182 (47.9%) to females. The widths of the right and left mandibular lateral incisors were significantly greater in males than females (p < 0.05). Females exhibited a significantly greater gonial angle, whereas males showed higher intergonial width (p < 0.001). Discriminant analysis revealed that projective ramus height (0.71) had the highest contribution to gender differentiation, followed by condylar height (0.58) and coronoid height (0.52).
Conclusion: Mandibular ramus morphometric parameters, particularly projective ramus height, condylar height, and coronoid height, demonstrate significant gender-related differences and can serve as reliable indicators for forensic gender estimation using digital orthopantomograms.
Keywords Keywords: Gender estimation, Mandibular ramus, Orthopantomogram, Forensic identification, Morphometry, Digital radiography.
Field Medical / Pharmacy
Published In Volume 8, Issue 4, July-August 2026
Published On 2026-07-29
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i04.84822
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CrossRef DOI prefix of IJFMR is 10.36948/ijfmr

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