International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Tradition in Transition: The Tharu Tribe of Sitarganj and Khatima, Uttarakhand

Author(s) Ms. Himani Bisht, Prof. Dr. Prashant Kumar Singh
Country India
Abstract The Tharu tribe of Uttarakhand, concentrated largely in the Sitarganj and Khatima Block of Udham Singh Nagar district, is one of the state’s most populous Scheduled Tribes. Despite extensive literature on individual aspects of Tharu life, few studies integrate its historical, economic, cultural, and gender dimensions within a single, theoretically grounded, locality-specific framework. Drawing primarily on secondary literature, supported by the authors’ field observations in Sitarganj and Khatima, and reading this material through theories of acculturation, modernization, multiple modernities, tribal marginality, and hybrid identity negotiation, this paper finds that the Tharus post-independence trajectory is best described as sustained but uneven acculturation rather than assimilation. Agrarian modernisation and industrialisation around the SIDCUL estates have brought economic contact without proportionate inclusion, leaving Tharu households in precarious, low-skilled work despite their proximity to industrial growth. Cultural practices, oral tradition, ecological knowledge, and distinctive jewellery persist through active, hybrid adaptation rather than static preservation. Education and gender relations reveal a pattern of ‘conditional empowerment’, in which women’s advancement is tolerated only where it does not disrupt patriarchal family structures, while globalisation both erodes and revitalises Tharu identity. Together, these findings suggest that the Tharus of Sitarganj and Khatima are continuously negotiating a distinct, hybrid trajectory of change, with implications for wider debates on indigeneity, marginality, and state tribe relations in contemporary India.
Keywords Tharu Tribe, Sitarganj and Khatima, Acculturation and Modernization, Tribal Marginality and Hybrid Identity, Gender and Empowerment
Field Sociology
Published In Volume 8, Issue 4, July-August 2026
Published On 2026-08-03
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i04.85093
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