International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Artificial Intelligence in Welfare Governance: Assessing the POSHAN Tracker's Role in Beneficiary Identification and Public Service Delivery in India

Author(s) Ms. Pooja Malik, Ms. Ankita Jayswal, Dr. Amit Kumar Upadhyay
Country India
Abstract The Government of India has increasingly turned to digital and artificial intelligence enabled platforms to strengthen the delivery of welfare entitlements to its citizens. The POSHAN Tracker, launched by the Ministry of Women and Child Development on 1 March 2021 under the POSHAN Abhiyaan and subsequently Mission Poshan 2.0, Saksham Anganwadi, is among the largest mobile phone based nutrition surveillance systems in the world, covering over 1.39 million Anganwadi Centres and more than 100 million registered beneficiaries. This paper examines the design, technological architecture, and governance function of the POSHAN Tracker, with particular attention to its use of machine learning, predictive analytics, Aadhaarbased authentication, and facial recognition for beneficiary identification and last mile service tracking. Using a descriptive analytical approach grounded in secondary government
documentation, peer reviewed literature, and field based journalistic and civil-society reporting, the paper assesses the platform's contribution to reducing leakages, improving real time visibility of Anganwadi services, and enabling evidence-based policymaking. It also critically evaluates persistent implementation challenges, including connectivity gaps, frontline worker
burden, digital literacy deficits, authentication related exclusion, and data privacy concerns. The paper concludes that while the POSHAN Tracker represents a significant advance in algorithmic and data-driven welfare administration, its long term effectiveness depends on complementary investments in digital infrastructure, participatory system design, and safeguards against
exclusion errors, situating it within the broader global debate on AI enabled welfare governance.
Keywords Artificial Intelligence, Welfare Governance, POSHAN Tracker, Beneficiary Identification, Digital Governance, Anganwadi, Public Service Delivery
Field Sociology > Politics
Published In Volume 8, Issue 4, July-August 2026
Published On 2026-08-05
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i04.85152
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