International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Assessment of Dietary Intake and Its Association with Sarcopenia Severity among Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Author(s) Ms. A. Jahnavi Singh, P. Ashlesha, B.Harita, Rubina Begum
Country India
Abstract Abstract
Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis are at increased risk of protein-energy wasting, malnutrition and sarcopenia due to chronic inflammation, metabolic disturbances, inadequate dietary intake, and nutrient losses during dialysis. These conditions adversely affect muscle strength, functional capacity, and overall clinical outcomes. The present study aimed to evaluate nutritional intake and its association with sarcopenia severity among CKD patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis.
Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 100 adult CKD patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis at Apollo Hospitals, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad. Dietary intake was assessed using a 24-hour dietary recall and Food Frequency Questionnaire. Nutritional status was evaluated using the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and GLIM criteria, while sarcopenia was assessed using the SARC-F questionnaire and handgrip strength. Anthropometric measurements included height, weight, BMI, mid-upper arm circumference, and calf circumference. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, Spearman's rank correlation, and Chi-square test.
Results: The study population comprised 55% males and 45% females, with hypertension (88%) and diabetes mellitus (53%) being the predominant comorbidities. Sarcopenia screening identified 55% of participants at risk and 23% at severe risk, indicating a high burden of impaired muscle function. Nutritional assessment demonstrated that 54% of participants were moderately malnourished and 31% were severely malnourished according to SGA, while GLIM classified 77% and 17% of participants as moderately and severely malnourished, respectively, confirming the high prevalence of malnutrition. Based on Dietary Energy intake, 90% of participants consumed less than 1000 kcal/day, 7% consumed between 1000-1500 kcal/day, and only 3% consumed more than 1500 kcal/day. Similarly, for protein intake, 95% of participants consumed less than 40 g/day, 4% consumed 40-60 g/day, and only 1% consumed more than 60 g/day, indicating markedly inadequate dietary intake among the majority of participants. Handgrip strength demonstrated a significant inverse correlation with sarcopenia score (r = -0.346, p = 0.002), indicating reduced muscle strength with increasing sarcopenia severity. Energy intake showed a significant negative correlation with sarcopenia score (ρ = -0.215, p = 0.033) and a significant positive correlation with handgrip strength (ρ = 0.225, p = 0.045), suggesting that adequate energy intake contributes to preservation of muscle function. Protein intake demonstrated only a weak positive relationship with handgrip strength and a weak inverse relationship with sarcopenia score. No statistically significant association was observed between sarcopenia and SGA (p = 0.516) or GLIM classification (p = 0.959).
Conclusion: Maintenance hemodialysis patients exhibited a high prevalence of inadequate dietary intake, malnutrition, and sarcopenia. Reduced energy intake and lower muscle strength were significantly associated with greater sarcopenia severity. These findings emphasize the importance of routine nutritional assessment, early sarcopenia screening, and individualized nutrition intervention to preserve muscle function and improve clinical outcomes in CKD patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.
Keywords Chronic Kidney Disease, Hemodialysis, Nutritional Intake, Sarcopenia, SARC-F, Subjective Global Assessment, GLIM and Handgrip Strength.
Field Medical / Pharmacy
Published In Volume 8, Issue 4, July-August 2026
Published On 2026-08-06
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i04.85270
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