International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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Digital Public Infrastructure and Economic Growth: A Case Study of UPI and DBT in India

Author(s) Dr. Udayakumara M
Country India
Abstract Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) has emerged as a critical framework for promoting inclusive economic development by creating interoperable, scalable, and secures digital platforms that facilitate identity authentication, financial transactions, information exchange, and public service delivery. In recent years, India has developed one of the world’s most extensive DPI ecosystems through the India Stack, which integrates digital identity, digital payments, and technology-enabled governance mechanisms. Among its most significant components, the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) and Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) have played a transformative role in reshaping India’s digital economy and governance architecture.
This study examines the contribution of UPI and DBT as key pillars of India’s Digital Public Infrastructure and evaluates their role in promoting economic growth, financial inclusion, governance efficiency, and institutional transformation. The study argues that the combined impact of UPI and DBT demonstrates the potential of DPI to function as an economic enabler by reducing transaction costs, strengthening financial inclusion, supporting economic formalization, and improving state capacity. However, sustainable DPI development requires addressing challenges related to digital inequality, cyber security, data privacy, and digital literacy. The Indian experience provides valuable policy lessons for developing economies seeking to build inclusive, secure, and sustainable digital ecosystems for long-term economic development.
Keywords Keywords: Digital Public Infrastructure, Unified Payments Interface, Direct Benefit Transfer, Financial Inclusion, Digital Economy, Economic Growth, Digital Governance
Field Arts
Published In Volume 8, Issue 4, July-August 2026
Published On 2026-08-10
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i04.85486
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