International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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Volume 8 Issue 4
July-August 2026

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Evolving Therapeutic Paradigms and Biomarker-Driven Prognostication in Guillain-Barré Syndrome: A Comprehensive Multicenter Evaluation

Author(s) Dr. Mohammed Khaja Moinudeen, Dr. Shreeya Singh, Shreya S Swamy, Dr. Nidhi Singh
Country India
Abstract Background: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute, immune-mediated polyradiculoneuropathy characterized by diverse clinical trajectories and complex pathophysiological mechanisms. Despite established immunomodulatory therapies such as plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), morbidity and mortality remain substantial, necessitating refined prognostic biomarkers and optimized therapeutic protocols. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the correlation between serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) levels, anti-ganglioside antibody profiles, and long-term functional recovery in GBS patients, while comparing the therapeutic efficacy of contemporary immunotherapeutic regimens. Methods: A retrospective multicenter cohort of 248 confirmed GBS patients treated between January 2020 and December 2025 was analyzed. Clinical severity was assessed using the Erasmus GBS Outcome Score (EGOS) and the Hughes Functional Grade Scale. Serum biomarkers were quantified using single-molecule array (Simoa) technology at admission and day 14 post-treatment. Results: Elevated baseline sNfL levels strongly correlated with poorer 6-month functional outcomes (Spearman's rho = 0.74, p < 0.001). Patients presenting with axonal variants (AMAN/AMSAN) demonstrated significantly higher peak sNfL concentrations compared to those with acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP). Combination therapy (IVIg followed by targeted neurorehabilitation) showed superior reduction in mechanical ventilation duration compared to IVIg monotherapy (mean reduction: 4.2 days, p = 0.012). Conclusion: Serum neurofilament light chain serves as a robust biomarker for axonal damage and functional prognosis in GBS. Integrating sNfL quantification with standard clinical grading scales enhances risk stratification and personalized therapeutic management.
Field Medical / Pharmacy
Published In Volume 8, Issue 4, July-August 2026
Published On 2026-08-14
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E-ISSN 2582-2160
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CrossRef DOI prefix of IJFMR is 10.36948/ijfmr

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