International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

A Widely Indexed Open Access Peer Reviewed Multidisciplinary Bi-monthly Scholarly International Journal

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Volume 8 Issue 5
September-October 2026

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Socio-Economic Determinants of Women's Participation in Informal Employment

Author(s) Ms. Nikita Sharma, Ms. Sumita Kumari
Country India
Abstract Women's participation in informal employment has emerged as one of the defining characteristics of labour markets in developing economies. Despite the significant contribution of women to economic development through informal work, their employment is often characterized by low wages, limited social protection, poor working conditions, and inadequate legal recognition. This study systematically reviews literature to identify the key socio-economic determinants of women's participation in informal employment. The findings indicate that education and skills, marital status, childcare and household responsibilities, household income, gender norms, labour-market discrimination, occupational segregation, and rural–urban disparities are important determinants of women's informal employment and economic outcomes. The review highlights that women's concentration in informal work is shaped by the interaction of household responsibilities, limited access to formal employment, gender-based inequalities, and institutional constraints rather than individual choice alone. The study emphasizes the need for gender-responsive policies addressing education and skills, childcare, social protection, labour market regulation, and employment formalization.
Keywords Informal employment; Women workers; Socio-economic determinants; Social protection.
Field Sociology > Economics
Published In Volume 8, Issue 1, January-February 2026
Published On 2026-01-05
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E-ISSN 2582-2160
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CrossRef DOI prefix of IJFMR is 10.36948/ijfmr

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