International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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Volume 8 Issue 4
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Comparative Evaluation of Serological and Molecular Methods for the Diagnosis of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Author(s) Mr. Mohd Junaid, Dr. Kailash Jatav
Country India
Abstract Background: Accurate diagnosis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is essential for identifying active infection and preventing progression to chronic liver disease. Serological tests are useful for screening, whereas molecular detection confirms active viraemia.
Methods: A hospital-based observational cross-sectional study was conducted among 220 adults with suspected or confirmed HCV infection and chronic liver disease. Anti-HCV antibodies were detected using the SD BIOLINE HCV Rapid Test and HCV Microlisa ELISA. HCV RNA was detected by real-time RT-PCR using the artus HCV RG RT-PCR Kit on a Rotor-Gene Q system. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0, with p<0.05 considered significant.
Results: Of 220 participants, 52 (23.6%) were positive by rapid testing, 60 (27.3%) by ELISA and 66 (30.0%) by RT-PCR. The difference among diagnostic methods was statistically significant (χ²=3.94, p=0.047). Among RT-PCR-positive cases, males predominated (68.2%) and male sex was significantly associated with HCV RNA positivity (OR=1.81, 95% CI: 1.01–3.27; p=0.041). Blood transfusion (OR=4.2, p<0.001), injectable drug use (OR=5.9, p=0.002) and hemodialysis (OR=3.7, p=0.006) were significant risk factors. The highest proportion of RT-PCR-positive cases occurred in the 41–50-year age group (36.4%; p=0.012).
Conclusion: RT-PCR demonstrated the highest detection of active HCV infection, while rapid testing and ELISA provided complementary serological screening. Molecular confirmation, particularly among high-risk and middle-aged patients, may improve detection of active HCV infection and facilitate timely management.
Keywords Keywords: Hepatitis C virus HCV infection Anti-HCV antibody ELISA Rapid diagnostic test RT-PCR HCV RNA Molecular diagnosis Chronic liver disease Viral hepatitis
Field Biology
Published In Volume 8, Issue 4, July-August 2026
Published On 2026-08-16
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i04.85867
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