International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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Coding Accountability: Operationalizing Ethics-by-Design Frameworks in India's Algorithmic Public Administration

Author(s) Lt. Kongala Sukumar
Country India
Abstract The rapid diffusion of artificial intelligence and algorithmic decision-making tools across Indian public administration — from welfare targeting to predictive policing — has outpaced the development of institutional mechanisms capable of ensuring accountability. This paper examines the ethics-by-design paradigm, which advocates embedding ethical constraints into algorithmic systems at the design stage rather than retrofitting oversight after deployment, and investigates the extent to which such frameworks can be operationalized within India's administrative and regulatory context. Drawing on a review of NITI Aayog's National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence and its subsequent Responsible AI approach papers, sectoral case material on Aadhaar-linked welfare delivery, predictive policing pilots, and algorithmic credit scoring, and a comparative reading of the European Union's proposed risk-based Artificial Intelligence Act, the paper identifies structural gaps in transparency, auditability, and grievance redress that limit accountability in practice. It proposes a layered operational framework combining algorithmic impact assessments, mandatory audit trails, calibrated human oversight, and independent grievance mechanisms, adapted to India's federal administrative structure and capacity constraints. The analysis suggests that ethics-by-design principles, while conceptually robust, require substantial institutional retrofitting — including statutory backing, capacity building, and civil society participation — before they can meaningfully constrain algorithmic power in Indian governance. The paper concludes with a phased implementation roadmap.
Keywords algorithmic accountability; ethics-by-design; artificial intelligence governance; public administration; India; algorithmic impact assessment
Published In Volume 4, Issue 1, January-February 2022
Published On 2022-02-04
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2022.v04i01.85928
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CrossRef DOI prefix of IJFMR is 10.36948/ijfmr

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