International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Cross-Border Seismic Code Comparison along the Himalayan Front: NBC 105:2025, IS 1893:2016/2023 (Draft), BNBC 2020 and GB 50011-2010

Author(s) Mr. Prateek Raj Pandit, Ms. Lekshmy Meenakumari Jayakumar
Country India
Abstract Despite sharing a unified seismic environment along the Himalayan front, Nepal, India, China, and Bangladesh each prescribes independent seismic design codes. Consequently, design demands for structurally identical buildings may vary significantly across international borders in this region. This study presents a comparative analysis of the latest seismic codes of these four nations—NBC 105:2025 (Nepal), IS 1893:2016 and IS 1893:2023 Draft (India), BNBC 2020 (Bangladesh), and GB 50011-2010 (China)—applied to a single four-story reinforced concrete (RCC) residential structure. To ensure comparability, the analysis employs a standardized structural system: a Special Moment-Resisting Frame (SMRF) or its equivalent within each code, with force-reduction factors of R = 6 (NBC 105:2025), R = 5 (IS 1893:2016/2023 Draft), R = 8 (BNBC 2020), and direct application of the seismic influence coefficient (GB 50011-2010). The seismic weight is determined from dead load alone (W = 2372.68 kN) to eliminate the variable effects of different code-specific live-load reduction factors. As the actual design forces arise from load-combined values, this study compares factored design horizontal acceleration coefficients rather than un-factored code values. The analysis encompasses two geographically defined regional sub-studies along the Northeast and Northwest borders, revealing that the factored design horizontal acceleration coefficient ranges from 0.029 (BNBC 2020, Nawabganj) to 0.318 (GB 50011-2010, South Tibet) across surveyed locations.
Keywords NBC 105:2025; IS 1893:2016; IS 1893:2023 Draft; BNBC 2020; GB 50011-2010; SMRF; factored design horizontal acceleration; load combination; response-reduction factor; border-region comparison
Field Engineering
Published In Volume 8, Issue 4, July-August 2026
Published On 2026-08-18
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i04.86018
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