International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Metamaterial-Based Mutual Coupling Reduction in Sub-THz Microstrip Patch MIMO Antennas for 6G Green Communications: A Systematic Review

Author(s) Dr. Tanu Singh Sisodia, Prof. Dr. B. P. Singh
Country India
Abstract The evolution toward 6G wireless communication systems is expected to increasingly utilize the Sub-Terahertz (Sub-THz) spectrum (100–300 GHz) to support ultra-high data rates, low latency, and massive connectivity. To meet these targets, high-density Microstrip Patch Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) antenna arrays are deployed. However, the sub-millimeter wavelength at Sub-THz frequencies results in extremely compact element spacing, exacerbating surface wave propagation and mutual coupling. This inter-element coupling degrades radiation efficiency, distorts radiation patterns, and increases overall power dissipation, directly challenging the paradigms of Green Communication. Metamaterial-based structures—including Electromagnetic Bandgap (EBG) surfaces, Split-Ring Resonators (SRRs), Defected Ground Structures (DGS), and tunable metasurfaces—offer a non-intrusive approach to suppress surface waves, alter near-field coupling, and boost isolation without increasing array dimensions. Building on the existing literature on MIMO decoupling techniques, this systematic review comprehensively examines metamaterial-assisted mutual coupling reduction approaches for 6G Sub-THz microstrip patch MIMO antennas. We analyze advanced decoupling mechanisms, highlight low-loss dynamic materials (such as graphene and liquid crystals), evaluate critical diversity metrics (ECC, DG, CCL, and TARC), and assess how improved isolation may contribute to energy efficiency and reduced RF power dissipation in next-generation green wireless terminals. Finally, open research bottlenecks and nano-fabrication prospects for Sub-THz Antenna-in-Package (AiP) implementations are discussed.
Keywords 6G Wireless Communication, Sub-THz Spectrum, Microstrip Patch Antenna, MIMO Antenna Systems, Metamaterials & Metasurfaces, Mutual Coupling Reduction, Green Communication
Field Physical Science
Published In Volume 8, Issue 4, July-August 2026
Published On 2026-08-18
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E-ISSN 2582-2160
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CrossRef DOI prefix of IJFMR is 10.36948/ijfmr

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