International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

A Widely Indexed Open Access Peer Reviewed Multidisciplinary Bi-monthly Scholarly International Journal

Call for Paper Volume 8, Issue 5 (September-October 2026) Submit your research before last 3 days of October to publish your research paper in the issue of September-October.
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Volume 8 Issue 5
September-October 2026

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Beyond income: Multi dimensional returns to Education across economic and social outcomes

Author(s) Ms. Niharika Rastogi
Country India
Abstract This study examines the multidimensional returns to education beyond traditional income-based measures. Using a secondary research approach, the paper explores the economic, health, social, psychological, intergenerational, and societal outcomes associated with educational attainment. While education is widely recognised for improving earnings, employment opportunities, and productivity, its benefits extend to improved health literacy, healthier behaviours, increased life expectancy, cognitive development, decision-making, emotional resilience, civic participation, social cohesion, and reduced crime. The study also examines how educational returns vary according to socioeconomic background, gender, institutional quality, and access to opportunities, highlighting persistent inequalities in the distribution of these benefits. Furthermore, education generates broader societal externalities through economic growth, innovation, reduced social costs, and stronger democratic participation. The findings suggest that evaluating education solely through wages and employment provides an incomplete understanding of its overall value. A multidimensional framework is therefore necessary to assess education as both a private investment and a public good.
Keywords Education; Multidimensional Returns; Economic Returns; Health Outcomes; Social Capital; Psychological Well-being; Social Mobility; Human Capital
Published In Volume 8, Issue 5, September-October 2026
Published On 2026-09-04
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E-ISSN 2582-2160
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CrossRef DOI prefix of IJFMR is 10.36948/ijfmr

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