hydrothermal synthesis and visible-light photocatalytic activity of Bi₂WO₆, Bi₂MoO₆, and mixed Bi₂W₁₋ₓMoₓO₆ oxides for efficient methylene blue degradation

Bandi Ashok; Madhu Dharmapuri; Maheshwaram Satyanarayana

doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i04.86501

hydrothermal synthesis and visible-light photocatalytic activity of Bi₂WO₆, Bi₂MoO₆, and mixed Bi₂W₁₋ₓMoₓO₆ oxides for efficient methylene blue degradation

Author(s)	Dr. Bandi Ashok, Dr. Madhu Dharmapuri, Dr. Maheshwaram Satyanarayana
Country	India
Abstract	Visible-light-driven photocatalysts based on Bi₂WO₆, Bi₂MoO₆, and their mixed compositions Bi₂W₀.₇₅Mo₀.₂₅O₆ and Bi₂W₀.₂₅Mo₀.₇₅O₆ were successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of phase-pure orthorhombic structures, while FESEM analysis revealed distinct morphologies such as rods, spheres, and plate-like nanostructures. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy verified the presence of Bi³⁺, W⁶⁺, Mo⁶⁺, and O²⁻, and FTIR spectra supported the successful formation of the target compounds through characteristic vibrational features. The optical band gaps of the prepared samples were evaluated to assess their visible-light absorption behavior. The photocatalytic performance was examined through the degradation of Methyleneene Blue under visible light irradiation for up to 240 min. The blank experiment showed negligible degradation, whereas Bi₂WO₆ and Bi₂MoO₆ achieved degradation efficiencies of 68% and 65%, respectively. Remarkably, the mixed oxides Bi₂W₀.₇₅Mo₀.₂₅O₆ and Bi₂W₀.₂₅Mo₀.₇₅O₆ exhibited much higher efficiencies of 94% and 96%, respectively, indicating a strong synergistic effect in enhancing photocatalytic activity. Scavenger experiments revealed that superoxide radicals (•O₂⁻) and photogenerated holes (h⁺) were the major reactive species involved in the degradation process. These results demonstrate that the mixed Bi-based oxides are highly promising visible-light photocatalysts for the efficient removal of dye pollutants.
Keywords	Hydrothermal synthesis, Bismuth-based oxides, Photocatalysis, Methylene Blue degradation
Field	Physical Science
Published In	Volume 8, Issue 4, July-August 2026
Published On	2026-08-26
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i04.86501

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hydrothermal synthesis and visible-light photocatalytic activity of Bi₂WO₆, Bi₂MoO₆, and mixed Bi₂W₁₋ₓMoₓO₆ oxides for efficient methylene blue degradation

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