Adsorption of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution Using Zinc Chloride-Activated Buckwheat Hull Carbon

Author(s)	Kondoju Pavani, Prof. Dr. Anthati Sreenivasulu
Country	India
Abstract	Buckwheat hull, an under-utilised agricultural residue, was converted into activated carbon by impregnation with zinc chloride followed by carbonisation. The resulting material was tested for its ability to remove the cationic dye methylene blue from water. Residual dye concentrations were calculated from optical density readings using the linear relationship of Beer’s law. Batch experiments showed that removal increased with contact time and adsorbent dose. For a 2 ppm solution the residual concentration fell to 0.32 ppm after 50 min (approximately 84 % removal). Higher initial concentrations required longer contact times to reach comparable efficiency. Temperature elevation from 40 °C to 50 °C improved uptake for most solutions examined, while alkaline conditions favoured adsorption. The study demonstrates that zinc chloride-activated buckwheat hull carbon is a practical, low-cost adsorbent for methylene blue and offers a route for the productive use of an agricultural by-product.
Keywords	Methylene blue; Buckwheat hull; Zinc chloride activation; Adsorption; Residual concentration; Agricultural waste
Field	Chemistry
Published In	Volume 8, Issue 4, July-August 2026
Published On	2026-08-26
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i04.86710

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