Effect of Hand Exercise Program on Grip Strength, Endurance and Handwriting Speed among Physiotherapy Students

Srushti Vishwas Deshmukh; Dr  Reshma  Nipunge

doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i05.86847

Effect of Hand Exercise Program on Grip Strength, Endurance and Handwriting Speed among Physiotherapy Students

Author(s)	Ms. Srushti Vishwas Deshmukh, Dr Reshma Nipunge
Country	India
Abstract	Background Handwriting is an important functional and academic activity among physiotherapy students. It requires coordinated interaction between the musculoskeletal and neuromotor systems of the upper limb. Adequate hand grip strength and muscular endurance may contribute to sustained writing performance, particularly during prolonged academic activities. Previous research has demonstrated that exercise-based interventions can improve handwriting speed and hand strength among students. However, limited evidence is available regarding the combined effect of a structured hand exercise Program on grip strength, hand endurance, and handwriting speed specifically among physiotherapy students. Objective To determine the effect of a structured hand exercise Program on grip strength, hand endurance and handwriting speed among physiotherapy students. Methodology An experimental pre-test and post-test study was conducted among 30 physiotherapy students aged 18–25 years. Participants meeting the eligibility criteria were included in the study. Baseline assessment of grip strength, hand endurance, and handwriting speed was performed before commencement of the intervention. Participants underwent a structured hand exercise Program for 4 weeks, with sessions conducted 5 days per week for approximately 15 minutes per session. The intervention consisted of hand gripper squeezing, therapeutic putty exercises, rubber-band finger extension exercises, and ball-squeezing exercises. Grip strength was assessed using a hand dynamometer, hand endurance was assessed using a ball-squeezing endurance test, and handwriting speed was assessed using a standardized 100-word writing task. Post-intervention assessment was performed using the same procedures. Results A total of 30 participants completed the study, with no dropouts. Post-intervention assessment demonstrated improvement in grip strength, hand endurance, and handwriting speed compared with baseline values. Statistical analysis demonstrated a significant improvement in all three outcome measures following the intervention. Conclusion The findings indicate that a structured 4-week hand exercise Program may be effective in improving grip strength, hand endurance and handwriting speed among physiotherapy students. Incorporating simple hand strengthening and endurance exercises into the routine of physiotherapy students may be beneficial for improving hand function required for prolonged academic writing activities.
Keywords	Hand Exercise, Grip Strength, Hand Endurance, Handwriting Speed, Physiotherapy Students
Field	Medical / Pharmacy
Published In	Volume 8, Issue 5, September-October 2026
Published On	2026-09-07
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i05.86847

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Effect of Hand Exercise Program on Grip Strength, Endurance and Handwriting Speed among Physiotherapy Students

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