International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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Volume 8 Issue 5
September-October 2026

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Effects of Mental Imagery Training on Self-Efficacy and Decision-Making Among State-Level Female Rugby Players in Jammu and Kashmir

Author(s) Ms. Deepika Sharma
Country India
Abstract Background: Mental imagery is a psychological skill whereby athletes can rehearse actions, situations, and performance experiences in their mind and is believed to aid in psychological preparation and performance-related outcomes. Evidence on mental imagery among female rugby players competing at the state level nonetheless remains limited.
Objective: This study examined changes in self-efficacy and decision-making following a mental imagery training program among state-level female rugby players in Jammu and Kashmir, India.
Methods: A one-group pretest-posttest design was used. Twenty female state-level rugby players aged 18-23 years participated. Self-efficacy was assessed with the Athlete Self-Efficacy Scale (ASES), and decision-making was assessed with the Decision-Making Questionnaire (DMQ). Pretest and posttest scores were compared using paired-samples t-tests, and mean differences, 95% confidence intervals, and Cohen's dz were calculated.
Results: Self-efficacy rose from 30.20 (SD = 3.89) at pretest to 34.70 (SD = 4.12) at posttest, a mean gain of 4.50 points (95% CI [3.57, 5.43]), t(19) = 10.13, p < .001, Cohen's dz = 2.27, a 14.9% increase. Decision-making rose from 23.95 (SD = 2.87) to 28.35 (SD = 3.17), a mean gain of 4.40 points (95% CI [3.50, 5.30]), t (19) = 10.19, p < .001, Cohen's dz = 2.28, an 18.4% increase.
Conclusion: Both self-efficacy and decision-making improved significantly following the mental imagery program, suggesting that imagery training may be a useful psychological strategy for female rugby players. As no control group was included, these results are best read as pretest-to-posttest change rather than confirmed evidence of a causal treatment effect.
Keywords mental imagery, self-efficacy, decision-making, female rugby players, sport psychology, physical education
Field Sociology > Sports
Published In Volume 8, Issue 5, September-October 2026
Published On 2026-09-04
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i05.87075
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CrossRef DOI prefix of IJFMR is 10.36948/ijfmr

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