International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Volume 8 Issue 5
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Development Intervention and the Social Transformation of Customary Law and Institutions: A Study of the Oraon Community in Sundargarh District, Odisha

Author(s) Mr. Prabin Toppo, Mr. Rajkumar Dharua, Dr. Pragyan Mohanty
Country India
Abstract This study examines development initiatives implemented in tribal areas with the aim of improving socio-economic conditions, while analysing their impact on social systems and legal traditions. It focuses on the Oraon community of Sundargarh District Odisha and explores how development programmes have influenced their customary laws and traditions. Traditionally, the Oraon people have been practiced and govern by unwritten customary laws and village-level institutions that regulate land use, resolve conflict, dispute resolution, social control, regulation of social life and cultural practices. The implementation of the government schemes such as formal education, livelihood initiatives and state lead initiatives has brought significantly altered these traditional structures. The study analyses how development programmes related to education, employment, land administration and tribal welfare have change the traditional authority patterns, reduced the active role of elders and traditional councils and increased dependence on formal legal and administrative systems. While these initiatives have developed the economic conditions, access to services and legal awareness, they have also contributed to the gradual erosion of customary laws particularly among the younger generation. The traditional practices such as oral transmission of customary law, collective decision making and traditional social activities are gradually challenged by modern initiatives and altering socio-cultural values. The study highlights both positive and negatives outcomes of development interventions. The outcome of this study shows that development schemes overlook the risk of erosion of community cooperation and cultural identity. It stresses the need for sensitive development process that integrates customary institutions to promote sustainable, inclusive and cultural grounded development.
Keywords Customary law, Tradition, Institution, Development, Erosion, Sustainable.
Field Arts
Published In Volume 8, Issue 5, September-October 2026
Published On 2026-09-04
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i05.87076
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CrossRef DOI prefix of IJFMR is 10.36948/ijfmr

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