A True Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Helfer Skin Tap Technique in Reducing Pain during Intramuscular Injection among Under-five Children in Selected Community Health Center at Kalyanpur, Kanpur

Author(s)	Anjulika Yadav, Mr Shridhar, Mr. Shreyash, Ms. Chandani, Ms Kiran, Ms Ritika, Ms.Harshita
Country	India
Abstract	Pain management during routine immunization remains an area of concern in pediatric nursing practice. Intramuscular injections are a major source of iatrogenic pain in children. Studies indicate that a significant proportion of children develop fear of needles due to painful injection experiences, which may lead to avoidance of medical procedures later in life OBJECTIVE 1.To assess the pain level during Intramuscular Injection among Under Five Children in experimental group. 2.To assess the pain level during Intramuscular Injection among Under Five Children in control group 3.To assess the effectiveness of Helfer Skin Tap Technique on Pain during Intramuscular Injection among Under Five Children in experimental group. 4.To find out the significant association between the level of pain in control group and experimental group during Intramuscular Injection among Under Five Children with their selected Socio demographic variables.
Field	Medical / Pharmacy
Published In	Volume 8, Issue 5, September-October 2026
Published On	2026-09-04

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