International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Determinants of Parental Immunization Decisions in Africa: Poverty, Education, Healthcare Access, and Community Awareness - A Systematic Review

Author(s) Kofi Acquah, Dr. Kobina Andoh Acquah
Country United States
Abstract The rate of immunization in children remains very low in many countries in Africa. The reason for this is identified as poverty, lack of education among mothers, unavailability of healthcare, and lack of community education. However, until now, there does not exist any review in the literature that evaluates the combined effect of these four factors as determinants of childhood immunisation in Africa. Hence, the current systematic review undertaken herein aims to investigate the influence of the previously mentioned determinants of childhood immunisation. In order to accomplish this, a systematic search was carried out in the following databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, African Journals Online. The result of the search was the selection of articles mentioning any number of determinants presented and providing results on childhood immunization. Twenty-seven articles met the inclusion criteria. Poor children had 1.8-4.2 times lower immunization odds. Maternal education had the strongest effect (OR: 1.9-5.6). There were also other significant variables in terms of health care access (OR: 1.6-3.8) and community awareness (OR: 1.3-1.7). Interactions among determinants strengthened their impacts. Poverty, maternal education, healthcare access, and community awareness have an association between one another, whereby these factors act as determinants of immunization decisions in Africa. Hence, there is a need for different/intersectoral approaches based on various determinants to enhance immunization coverage.
Keywords Childhood immunization; vaccination coverage; poverty; maternal education; healthcare accessibility; community awareness; parental immunization decisions.
Field Sociology
Published In Volume 8, Issue 5, September-October 2026
Published On 2026-09-12
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i05.87359
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