International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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Volume 8 Issue 5
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Comparison of Hourly Dst and One-Minute SYM/H Indices During the May 2024 Extreme Geomagnetic Storm

Author(s) Nisha Kohli, Suman Garia
Country India
Abstract Geomagnetic indices are fundamental tools for characterizing the intensity and temporal evolution of geomagnetic storms (GSs). However, differences in temporal resolution can influence the representation of rapid storm-time variations and the determination of storm minima. In this study, the conventional hourly Disturbance Storm Time (Dst) index and the Symmetric H-component (SYM/H) index were comparatively analyzed during the extreme geomagnetic storm of 10–12 May 2024. The event was selected as one of the strongest GSs of recent years. The analysis focused on the complete storm evolution and a detailed examination of the main phase. Both indices consistently reproduced the major phases of the storm, including the rapid main-phase decrease, maximum geomagnetic disturbance, and subsequent recovery. However, the higher temporal resolution of SYM/H revealed rapid short-duration fluctuations that were not resolved in the hourly Dst data. The minimum SYM/H value of −518 nT occurred at 02:14 UT on 11 May 2024, whereas the minimum Dst value of −406 nT occurred at 02:00 UT. These differences demonstrate the influence of temporal resolution on the observed timing and magnitude of intense geomagnetic disturbances. The results indicate that Dst and SYM/H provide complementary information, with one-minute SYM/H data offering significant advantages for investigating rapid storm-time variations and the detailed temporal evolution of intense geomagnetic storms.
Keywords Keywords: Geomagnetic storm; Dst index; SYM/H index; temporal resolution; May 2024 storm.
Field Physics > Astronomy
Published In Volume 8, Issue 5, September-October 2026
Published On 2026-09-24
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i05.87784
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CrossRef DOI prefix of IJFMR is 10.36948/ijfmr

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