International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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Volume 8 Issue 5
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From Social Protest to Electoral Power: The Rise and Transformation of the Dravidian Movement in Tamil Nadu

Author(s) Ms. S. Sarala, Dr. R. Panneerselvam
Country India
Abstract The Dravidian Movement holds an important place in the social, political, and cultural history of modern Tamil Nadu. It emerged in the early twentieth century in the Madras Presidency in response to caste inequality, unequal access to education and government employment, limited political representation, and the growing influence of Brahmin elites in colonial institutions. The organized phase of the movement began with the non-Brahmin movement and the establishment of the South Indian Liberal Federation, popularly known as the Justice Party, in 1916.A major transformation took place under E. V. Ramasamy, popularly known as Periyar. Through the Self-Respect Movement, founded in 1925, Periyar expanded the movement beyond demands for political representation. He challenged caste hierarchy, religious orthodoxy, social inequality, and patriarchal practices and promoted rationalism, self-respect, and social equality. The formation of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) in 1949 under C. N. Annadurai marked another important stage in the movement's development. The DMK adopted a more active approach to electoral politics and transformed Dravidian ideas into a mass political programme.
Keywords Dravidian Movement; Justice Party; Periyar; Self-Respect Movement; DMK; C. N. Annadurai; Tamil Nadu; social justice; non-Brahmin movement; caste; linguistic identity.
Field Sociology > Archaeology / History
Published In Volume 8, Issue 5, September-October 2026
Published On 2026-09-16
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E-ISSN 2582-2160
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CrossRef DOI prefix of IJFMR is 10.36948/ijfmr

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