Between Reverence and Rejection, The Eunuch Community in South Asia: History, Identity, and Contemporary Challenges

Author(s)	Mr. Sanjeev Kalden
Country	India
Abstract	Eunuchs — commonly referred to as hijras, khawaja siras, or aravanis — constitute a historically significant yet socially marginalized community in South Asia. Despite growing legal recognition in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal, they continue to face discrimination, exclusion from healthcare and education, economic hardship, and violence. This article traces how a community once considered spiritually significant came to be criminalized under colonial rule, examines the everyday challenges that legal recognition alone has not resolved, and considers what a more complete form of inclusion would require. The discussion draws on legal texts, government and NGO reporting, and existing scholarship on the hijra and khawaja sira communities
Keywords	Enuchs, India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka.
Field	Sociology
Published In	Volume 3, Issue 4, July-August 2021
Published On	2021-08-05

About IJFMR Fees & Payment Current Issue Publication Archive	Submit Research Paper Track Submission Status Publication Guidelines Publication Ethics Peer Review & Plagiarism	Join as a Reviewer Editors & Reviewers Reviewer Referral Program Get Reviewer Membership Certi.	Website/Journal Policies Usage Policy Content Policies Privacy Policy

Contact Us		+91-9687-828-838	editor@ijfmr.com

International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research