International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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Volume 8 Issue 5
September-October 2026

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Family Structure and Human Capital Outcomes: Comparing Joint and Nuclear Families in Ulhasnagar, Maharashtra

Author(s) Dr. Manju Lalwani Pathak, Mr. Varun Jashnani
Country India
Abstract This study investigates whether family structure specifically, whether an individual grew up in a joint or nuclear family is associated with differences in human capital outcomes among adults in Ulhasnagar, Maharashtra. Using primary survey data from 100 respondents aged 40 to 60 years, and a composite Human Capital Index (HCI) constructed from standardised measures of educational attainment, years of schooling, skill certification, and income, an independent samples t-test was conducted to compare mean HCI scores across the two-family types. The results reveal a statistically significant difference: individuals raised in joint families exhibit meaningfully higher HCI scores than those raised in nuclear families (t(98) = 2.601, p = .011). The Mann-Whitney U test corroborates this finding (U = 1631.00, p = .008). These findings challenge the conventional assumption that nuclear families by concentrating resources on fewer children, necessarily produce superior human capital outcomes, and instead point to the social capital, collective investment, and intergenerational learning advantages embedded in joint family structures. The study contributes original micro-level evidence from urban India to the growing literature on family structure and human development.
Keywords family structure, joint family, nuclear family, human capital, Human Capital Index, social capital, Ulhasnagar, India
Field Sociology > Economics
Published In Volume 8, Issue 5, September-October 2026
Published On 2026-09-17
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E-ISSN 2582-2160
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CrossRef DOI prefix of IJFMR is 10.36948/ijfmr

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