International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Pattern of Uveitis Presenting at a Private Eye Hospital in Nepal: A Hospital-Based Observational Study

Author(s) Dr. Nischal Ghimire, Dr. Anima Deshar, Dr Sundip Dware Chhetri, Dr Richa Mandal, Dr Deepti Poudel
Country Nepal
Abstract Background
Uveitis encompasses a heterogeneous group of intraocular inflammatory disorders that may involve the anterior chamber, vitreous, retina, choroid, or multiple anatomical compartments. The clinical pattern and etiological spectrum of uveitis vary according to geographic region, referral patterns, and available diagnostic facilities. Data from private eye-care facilities in Nepal remain limited.
Objective
To describe the anatomical classification, laterality, selected etiological associations, and complications of uveitis among patients presenting to a private eye hospital in Nepal.
Methods
This hospital-based observational study included patients diagnosed with uveitis during the study period at a private eye hospital in eastern Nepal. Uveitis was classified anatomically as anterior, intermediate, posterior, or panuveitis according to the Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) classification. Demographic characteristics, laterality, anatomical involvement, selected etiological associations, and ocular complications were recorded. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the findings.
Results
A total of 42 patients involving 50 eyes were included. There were 26 females (61.9%) and 16 males (38.1%). Anterior uveitis was the predominant anatomical category, involving 32 eyes (64.0%) and 29 patients. Three patients with anterior uveitis had bilateral disease. Intermediate uveitis involved four eyes in four patients, all with unilateral disease. Intermediate and posterior uveitis together involved four eyes in two patients, both of whom had bilateral disease. Panuveitis involved 10 eyes in seven patients; three patients had bilateral disease. Overall, 34 patients had unilateral disease and eight had bilateral involvement.
Posterior synechiae were the most frequently observed finding, occurring in approximately 25 patients (50 %). Among patients with anterior uveitis, approximately 20 (about 70%) had posterior synechiae, while all seven patients with panuveitis had posterior synechiae. Cystoid macular edema was observed in approximately three patients (6%). Six patients with anterior uveitis were HLA-B27 positive. Among the panuveitis cases, two were associated with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease, two with tuberculosis, and one patient tested positive for syphilis.
Conclusions
Anterior uveitis was the most common anatomical presentation in this private eye hospital, followed by panuveitis and intermediate disease. Posterior synechiae represented the most frequent ocular complication. The presence of HLA-B27-associated anterior uveitis and infectious and systemic inflammatory associations among panuveitis cases highlights the importance of a structured clinical and etiological evaluation of patients presenting with uveitis in Nepal.
Keywords uveitis; anterior uveitis; panuveitis; intermediate uveitis; HLA-B27; posterior synechiae; Nepal; ocular inflammation
Field Medical / Pharmacy
Published In Volume 8, Issue 5, September-October 2026
Published On 2026-09-27
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i05.88083
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