International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

A Widely Indexed Open Access Peer Reviewed Multidisciplinary Bi-monthly Scholarly International Journal

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Volume 8 Issue 5
September-October 2026

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Income, Consumption and Saving among Rural Households in Manipur: Testing a Moderated Mediation Analysis

Author(s) Ms. Jianthuailiu Ruangmei, Dr. Chithung Mary Thomas
Country India
Abstract This study examined the relationships among income, consumption and saving behaviour among rural households and investigated the mediating role of consumption and the moderating role of uncertainty. Data were collected from 201 respondents analyzed using Hayes’ PROCESS Macro in SPSS. The findings revealed that income has a significant positive effect on consumption and saving behaviour. However, consumption did not significantly influence saving. Furthermore, uncertainty in harvesting, employment and health did not significantly moderate the relationship between income and consumption or the indirect effect of income on saving through consumption. The study concludes that income is the most important factor associated with both consumption and saving behaviour, while the proposed mediating role of consumption and moderating role of uncertainty were not supported. These findings suggest that saving among rural households in Manipur may occur through channels largely independent of consumption beahaviour, and that the precautionary saving mechanism may operate less uniformly in populations facing pervasively high and relatively undifferentiated uncertainty. Implications for rural financial inclusion and financial literacy policy and directions for future research are discussed.
Keywords Income, Consumption, Saving Behaviour, Uncertainty, Rural Households.
Published In Volume 8, Issue 5, September-October 2026
Published On 2026-09-26
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i05.88447
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CrossRef DOI prefix of IJFMR is 10.36948/ijfmr

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