Agricultural Transformation and Regional Disparities in Bihar: An Analytical Assessment Based on Agricultural Statistics (2001–2025)

PRAVIN KUMAR; MUKUL KUMAR

doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i05.88503

Agricultural Transformation and Regional Disparities in Bihar: An Analytical Assessment Based on Agricultural Statistics (2001–2025)

Author(s)	Dr. PRAVIN KUMAR, Dr. MUKUL KUMAR
Country	India
Abstract	Agriculture in Bihar has changed considerably over the past two decades, but these changes have not been the same in all parts of the state. This study looks into agricultural transformation and regional differences in Bihar during the period 2001–2025.Paper examines the relationship between irrigation, fertilizer use, and cropping intensity on the one hand, and foodgrain production and land productivity on the other. The analysis relies on CAGR to track how key variables have changed over time, OLS regression to see which factors most affect yield, and one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test to check whether the four agro climatic zones of Bihar differ significantly from one another. The empirical results underscore a discernible shift within Bihar's primary agricultural sector. Key indicators of agricultural performance show marked improvement over the period. Average yields of foodgrains in the state have risen from 1,480 kg/ha during 2001–05 to 2,820 kg/ha during 2021–25 (CAGR 2.73%). This increase has been associated with faster growth in fertilizer use (CAGR 3.58%) and a steady expansion of net irrigation coverage (CAGR 1.29%). The regression model explains most of the variation in productivity (R² = 0.942, p < 0.001) and identifies chemical fertilizer application (β = 6.12, p < 0.001) and the net irrigation ratio (β = 12.84, p = 0.001) as the main factors behind the rise in yields. Nonetheless, the ANOVA examination (F = 8.42, ρ = 0.0002) refutes the hypothesis of regional uniformity, exposing notable productivity divergences among the various sub-regions. The leading productivity performance in South-West Bihar (Zone III-B) is attributed to superior canal infrastructure and heightened adoption of inputs, in contrast to the limitations faced by North-Eastern (Zone II) and South-Eastern (Zone III-A) districts due to waterlogging and seasonal moisture challenges. The study advocates for tailored infrastructure development strategies, formalization of tenant credit mechanisms, and expansion of market linkages to foster more inclusive agricultural growth.
Keywords	Agricultural Transformation, Regional Disparities, Bihar Economy, Yield Determinants, Agro-Climatic Sub-Zones, Multiple Linear Regression, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Agricultural Road Maps.
Published In	Volume 8, Issue 5, September-October 2026
Published On	2026-09-30
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i05.88503

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Agricultural Transformation and Regional Disparities in Bihar: An Analytical Assessment Based on Agricultural Statistics (2001–2025)

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