Comparative Evaluation of Solvent-Dependent Antioxidant Extraction from Agaricus bisporus (J.E. Lange) Imbach Using a Cold Extraction Approac

Krishna Kumar Verma

Comparative Evaluation of Solvent-Dependent Antioxidant Extraction from Agaricus bisporus (J.E. Lange) Imbach Using a Cold Extraction Approac

Author(s)	Dr. Krishna Kumar Verma
Country	India
Abstract	The search for food-compatible and sustainable sources of natural antioxidants has increasedinterest in edible mushrooms because they contain phenolic compounds, ergothioneine, vitamins,minerals and other bioactive constituents. The present study evaluated the effect of solvent polarityand extraction duration on the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the cultivated white buttonmushroom, Agaricus bisporus (J.E. Lange) Imbach. Fresh fruiting bodies (400 g) were obtainedfrom a local market in Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India, dried, powdered and extracted by coldmaceration using methanol, distilled water and chloroform. Extracts were collected after 24, 48 and72 h and evaluated by the phosphomolybdate total antioxidant capacity assay, using ascorbic acid as the reference standard. The recorded absorbance values showed a clear solvent- and time-dependentpattern. Methanolic extract showed the highest reported TAC at 24 h (43.09 µg ascorbic-acidequivalent per assay aliquot) and 48 h (42.09 µg), whereas the aqueous extract increasedprogressively from 27.63 µg at 24 h to 38.90 µg at 48 h and 42.45 µg at 72 h. Chloroform showed very low activity, ranging from 0.09 to 7.45 µg per assay aliquot. These findings indicate that polarextraction systems are more suitable than chloroform for recovering antioxidant-active constituentsfrom A. bisporus under the tested conditions, while water becomes increasingly effective withprolonged extraction. The principal importance of the study is its simple comparison of solvent polarity and extraction time using a low-complexity cold-extraction workflow that can bereproduced in basic food-microbiology or biotechnology laboratories. However, the study shouldnot interpret methanol or chloroform as green solvents; water is the environmentally preferableoption among the solvents tested. The work supports further optimization of aqueous or foodcompatible hydroalcoholic extraction and subsequent chemical characterization of the active compounds.
Keywords	Agaricus bisporus; white button mushroom; total antioxidant capacity; phosphomolybdate assay; cold extraction; aqueous extraction; natural antioxidants; sustainable extraction.
Field	Biology > Agriculture / Botany
Published In	Volume 8, Issue 5, September-October 2026
Published On	2026-10-01

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Comparative Evaluation of Solvent-Dependent Antioxidant Extraction from Agaricus bisporus (J.E. Lange) Imbach Using a Cold Extraction Approac

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