Speech and Language Disorders Across the Lifespan: Assessment, Risk Factors and Evidence-based Intervention

Shivani Verma

doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i05.88691

Speech and Language Disorders Across the Lifespan: Assessment, Risk Factors and Evidence-based Intervention

Author(s)	Ms. Shivani Verma
Country	India
Abstract	Speech and language abilities are fundamental to learning, social participation, emotional expression, education and employment. Communication disorders may occur during childhood because of developmental, sensory, neurological, structural or environmental factors, or may be acquired during adulthood following stroke, traumatic brain injury, neurological disease or laryngeal pathology. An evidence-informed narrative review was undertaken using scientific and clinical information from PubMed-indexed reviews, the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), World Health Organization (WHO), American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA), and the Cochrane Library. Early identification is critical because communication problems may reflect hearing loss, developmental language disorder, speech sound disorder, autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, neurological injury, structural abnormalities or other conditions. Speech-language therapy shows evidence of benefit for several childhood language and speech disorders and for acquired aphasia following stroke. Communication disorders are heterogeneous and require individualized assessment. Early identification, appropriate referral, evidence-based speech-language intervention, family involvement and interdisciplinary rehabilitation are central to improving functional communication and participation.
Keywords	Speech disorder; language disorder; developmental language disorder; speech-language therapy; aphasia; stuttering; speech sound disorder; communication disorders; early intervention.
Published In	Volume 8, Issue 5, September-October 2026
Published On	2026-09-28
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i05.88691

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Speech and Language Disorders Across the Lifespan: Assessment, Risk Factors and Evidence-based Intervention

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