From Basic Independence To Inclusive Participation: Using Adapted Katz Adl And Lawton–Brody Iadl To Diagnose Disability Policy Implementation In Rural Indonesia

Muhammad Syahrul Fuady; Sjamsiar Sjamsuddin; Mardiyono Mardiyono; Sujarwoto Sujarwoto

doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i05.88913

From Basic Independence To Inclusive Participation: Using Adapted Katz Adl And Lawton–Brody Iadl To Diagnose Disability Policy Implementation In Rural Indonesia

Author(s)	Mr. Muhammad Syahrul Fuady, Prof. Sjamsiar Sjamsuddin, Dr. Mardiyono Mardiyono, Prof. Sujarwoto Sujarwoto
Country	Indonesia
Abstract	This study examines whether functional independence among persons with disabilities can be used as micro-level evidence for analysing disability policy implementation in rural Indonesia. Drawing on a case context in Karangpatihan Village, Ponorogo Regency, the study integrates adapted Katz Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and Lawton–Brody Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) measures with a public policy implementation perspective. The dataset contains 226 complete observations. Because the original instruments were operationalised using three ordered response categories (1–3), the study treats them as adapted measures rather than standard clinical versions. Descriptive analysis shows a clear distinction between basic and instrumental functioning. The adapted Katz ADL mean was 16.67/18, with 87.6% of respondents in the 16–18 descriptive range, whereas the IADL mean was 12.62/18, with 55.8% scoring 13 or above. In the IADL domains, financial management (2.65/3) and medication management (2.58/3) were strongest, while mobile-phone use (1.41/3) and public transportation (1.54/3) were weakest. Robust ordinal psychometric analysis further showed high ordinal internal consistency (IADL αordinal = 0.934, ω = 0.949; Katz αordinal = 0.962, ω = 0.971) and predominantly unidimensional factor structures. However, Katz ADL exhibited a substantial ceiling effect (63.7% at the maximum total score), limiting discrimination among respondents with high basic functioning. The findings suggest that disability inclusion should be assessed not only through individual functioning but also through the accessibility of digital, transportation, market, and public-service environments. The study contributes a policy-oriented framework in which ADL/IADL measures serve as outcome evidence for diagnosing the gap between formal disability rights and actual opportunities for participation.
Keywords	persons with disabilities; rural governance; policy implementation; Katz ADL; Lawton–Brody IADL; accessibility; capability approach; Indonesia
Field	Sociology > Administration / Law / Management
Published In	Volume 8, Issue 5, September-October 2026
Published On	2026-10-21
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i05.88913

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From Basic Independence To Inclusive Participation: Using Adapted Katz Adl And Lawton–Brody Iadl To Diagnose Disability Policy Implementation In Rural Indonesia

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