The State of the Criminology Program in a Higher Education Institution in Surigao del  Sur: Compliance and Challenges

Riza Fe Cruiz Intano; Imelda Runas

doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i05.88991

The State of the Criminology Program in a Higher Education Institution in Surigao del Sur: Compliance and Challenges

Author(s)	Riza Fe Cruiz Intano, Dr. Imelda Runas
Country	Philippines
Abstract	This study examined the state of the Criminology Program in a higher education institution in Surigao del Sur in terms of its compliance with the trifocal functions of higher education: instructional quality, research and publications, and extension and linkages. An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design was employed, involving administrative officials, faculty members, non-teaching personnel, and criminology students in the quantitative phase, followed by qualitative inquiry into the challenges encountered in implementing the trifocal functions. Quantitative data were analyzed using median scores, tests of normality, and the Kruskal–Wallis H test, while qualitative responses were analyzed thematically. The findings showed that the Criminology Program demonstrated High Compliance across all three dimensions, with extension and linkages obtaining the highest median score (Md = 3.30), followed by instructional quality (Md = 3.25) and research and publications (Md = 3.25). The Kruskal–Wallis test indicated no statistically significant difference in the perceptions of the respondent groups regarding program compliance (p = 0.801). The qualitative findings revealed recurring challenges involving instructional resource and facility limitations, time and workload pressures, research- and extension-related difficulties, faculty development and capacity-building needs, and the need to strengthen partnerships and institutional support. Taken together, the findings indicate that while the Criminology Program demonstrates a generally high level of compliance with the trifocal functions of higher education, institutional and operational challenges remain areas for continued improvement. The findings provide a basis for strengthening resource allocation, faculty development, research support, instructional facilities, and institutional and community partnerships.
Keywords	Criminology Program, trifocal functions of higher education, instructional quality, research and publications, extension and linkages, compliance, mixed-methods research
Published In	Volume 8, Issue 5, September-October 2026
Published On	2026-10-04
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i05.88991

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The State of the Criminology Program in a Higher Education Institution in Surigao del Sur: Compliance and Challenges

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