International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Volume 8 Issue 5
September-October 2026

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History and Evolution of Iron Ore Pelletization and Technological Developments

Author(s) Mr. Ganesh Malla
Country India
Abstract Iron ore pelletization has evolved significantly over more than a century, from early experimental agglomeration methods to a highly developed industrial process for producing high-quality iron ore pellets for blast furnace and direct reduction (DR) ironmaking. The development of pelletization has been closely associated with the increasing utilization of fine iron ore concentrates generated during mining and beneficiation, together with the need for consistent burden materials with controlled chemical, physical, and metallurgical properties. This review presents the historical development and technological evolution of iron ore pelletization, beginning with early pelletizing concepts and progressing through the establishment of commercial pelletizing processes and modern industrial technologies. The review examines the development of pelletizing and induration technologies and their evolution from experimental methods to established industrial processes. Attention is given to the development of major induration technologies, including shaft furnaces, straight-grate systems, and grate-kiln systems, and their influence on pellet quality. The evolution of pellet quality requirements for blast furnace and direct reduction applications is also discussed, including strength, reducibility, reduction degradation, swelling, porosity, and chemical composition.
Keywords Iron ore pelletization, iron ore agglomeration, pelletizing technology, pellet induration, shaft furnace, straight-grate technology, grate-kiln technology, pellet quality, blast furnace, direct reduction.
Field Engineering
Published In Volume 8, Issue 5, September-October 2026
Published On 2026-10-04
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i05.89070
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CrossRef DOI prefix of IJFMR is 10.36948/ijfmr

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