International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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Volume 8 Issue 5
September-October 2026

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Statistical Assessment and Hydrological Modelling of Surface Water Quality in Durg District, Chhattisgarh, India

Author(s) Shivali Gupta, Dr. Anita Kabi
Country India
Abstract Surface-water quality in rapidly urbanizing and industrializing catchments is controlled by interacting natural, hydrological and anthropogenic processes. This study demonstrates a statistical and predictive framework for assessing surface-water quality in Durg District, Chhattisgarh, India. An illustrative seasonal dataset comprising 30 sampling stations and three seasons (90 observations) was developed for 15 water-quality variables: pH, temperature, turbidity, TDS, EC, DO, BOD, COD, nitrate, phosphate, chloride, sulphate, alkalinity, hardness and total coliform. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, one-way ANOVA, principal component analysis (PCA), a weighted-arithmetic water quality index (WQI), and multiple linear regression were applied. The illustrative dataset shows measurable seasonal and spatial variability, with higher pollution pressure at urban/industrial-influenced stations. Mean WQI was Monsoon: 179.18, Post-Monsoon: 189.61, Pre-Monsoon: 210.3. The regression model reproduced WQI with R² = 1.000, RMSE = 0.02 and MAE = 0.01 in the held-out test set. PCA identified a dominant pollution gradient associated with dissolved solids, oxygen-demand variables and nutrients. The framework demonstrates how routine monitoring can be combined with statistical modelling to support prioritization of surface-water management. All numerical values in this paper are explicitly illustrative and must be replaced by laboratory/field observations before scientific or regulatory use.
Keywords Surface water; Durg; Chhattisgarh; hydrological modelling; water quality index; PCA; correlation analysis; regression; seasonal variation
Published In Volume 8, Issue 5, September-October 2026
Published On 2026-10-06
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E-ISSN 2582-2160
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CrossRef DOI prefix of IJFMR is 10.36948/ijfmr

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