International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Volume 8 Issue 5
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Sanitation, Health, and Economic Gains: Assessing Impact of Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) in Tribal Jharkhand

Author(s) Mr. Kumud Ranjan, Dr. Jyoti Prakash
Country India
Abstract This study assesses the economic impact of the Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) in the tribal areas of Jharkhand, with special reference to Khunti district. The analysis is based on primary data collected through a household questionnaire survey conducted in 12 villages across four blocks of the district. Based on both literature review and field evidence, the study identifies the major cost and benefit components associated with improved sanitation under SBM(G).
On the cost side, the study examines two tangible components, namely the initial cost of toilet construction and the recurring operation and maintenance costs, including expenditure on handwashing and cleaning. On the benefit side, the study identifies three tangible benefits, namely averted health expenditure, increased property value, and income generated for sanitation and construction workers, along with one intangible benefit, which is reduced access time. The data are analysed using the Benefit Cost Ratio method to evaluate the overall economic viability of the programme.
The findings shows that the benefits of improved sanitation exceed the associated costs by 5.65 times, indicating a strong positive economic return from SBM(G) in the study area. The programme has not only reduced medical expenditure and improved the health status of tribal households, but has also contributed to greater dignity and better living standards. The study therefore concludes that investment in rural sanitation generates substantial economic and social gains and that SBM(G) has a significant positive impact in the tribal areas of Jharkhand.
Keywords Benefit, Cost, Health, Tribal, Swachh Bharat Mission
Field Sociology > Economics
Published In Volume 8, Issue 5, September-October 2026
Published On 2026-10-14
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i05.89621
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CrossRef DOI prefix of IJFMR is 10.36948/ijfmr

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