International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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Volume 8 Issue 5
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Flexibility without Infrastructure: Programme Information and the Implementation of Credit Mobility under India's National Education Policy 2020

Author(s) Ms. Laxmi Sangapur, Dr. Prakash K Badiger
Country India
Abstract India's National Education Policy 2020 lets students leave a programme with a certificate or diploma, return later, and carry credits between institutions. The instruments built for this, including the Academic Bank of Credits and the national qualifications and credit frameworks, assume that every programme can be identified, placed at a level and compared. This article argues that the assumption is rarely met. The programme information on which credit mobility depends is an infrastructure that the reforms presuppose but do not build. Drawing on infrastructure studies, work on information as a tool of government and Matland's ambiguity–conflict model of implementation, the article analyses national policy documents and the case of Karnataka. Karnataka was the first state to order implementation of the policy in 2021, withdrew four-year undergraduate programmes in 2024 and has since moved towards a state policy, so students admitted in different years now follow different structures. The article advances four propositions. It argues that programme records able to describe any degree structure are the part of the reform most likely to survive a change of government.
Keywords National Education Policy 2020; Academic Bank of Credits; credit mobility; programme information; policy implementation; Karnataka
Field Sociology > Education
Published In Volume 8, Issue 5, September-October 2026
Published On 2026-10-16
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i05.89913
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CrossRef DOI prefix of IJFMR is 10.36948/ijfmr

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