Biochemical and Hematological Changes in  Catla catla Exposed to Parboiled Rice Mill Effluents

Ravirala Naresh

doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i05.89998

Biochemical and Hematological Changes in Catla catla Exposed to Parboiled Rice Mill Effluents

Author(s)	Dr. Ravirala Naresh
Country	India
Abstract	Industrial effluents from parboiled rice mills represent a major source of aquatic pollution in agro-industrial regions. These effluents contain high organic and inorganic loads that can adversely impact freshwater organisms. The present study evaluates the dose- and time-dependent hematological and biochemical responses of Catla catla, an ecologically and economically important freshwater species, following exposure to parboiled rice mill effluents. Healthy fish (100–120 g) were exposed to graded concentrations of effluent (0%, 10%, 30%, and 50%) for 10, 20, and 30 days, with ten fish per group. Effluent characterization revealed high BOD, COD, TDS, and heavy metal levels in untreated samples, indicative of substantial pollution. Hematological analyses showed significant reductions in hemoglobin, red blood cell count in exposed fish, suggesting anemia and impaired oxygen transport. Conversely, white blood cell counts increased progressively with concentration and duration, reflecting enhanced immunological stress. Biochemical evaluations demonstrated marked decreases in total protein and increases in glucose, urea, and creatinine levels, indicating disruptions in metabolic activity, hepatic function, and renal physiology. All changes were statistically significant (p < 0.05) and followed a clear dose- and time-dependent pattern. These findings confirm that exposure to parboiled rice mill effluents induces substantial physiological stress in Catla catla, reflected through hematological and biochemical alterations. The study highlights the ecological risks posed by untreated or partially treated rice mill discharges and emphasizes the necessity for efficient effluent treatment and regular monitoring to safeguard aquatic ecosystems and fish health.
Keywords	Catla catla, Rice mill effluent, Hematology, Biochemistry, Dose-response, Time-dependent toxicity
Published In	Volume 8, Issue 5, September-October 2026
Published On	2026-10-15
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i05.89998

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Biochemical and Hematological Changes in Catla catla Exposed to Parboiled Rice Mill Effluents

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