International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

A Widely Indexed Open Access Peer Reviewed Multidisciplinary Bi-monthly Scholarly International Journal

Call for Paper Volume 8, Issue 5 (September-October 2026) Submit your research before last 3 days of October to publish your research paper in the issue of September-October.
Submit Research Paper Join as a Reviewer

Plagiarism is checked by the leading plagiarism checker TurnItIn

Call for Paper

Volume 8 Issue 5
September-October 2026

Submit your research paper

Indexing Partners
Academia Advanced Sciences Index Bielefeld Academic Search Engine CiteSeer DRJI Google Scholar Independent Search Engine & Directory Network ISI (International Scientific Indexing) Issuu Mendeley Research Networks
RefSeek ResearcherId - Thomson Reuters ResearchGate Scirus Scribd Semantic Scholar UTeM - Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka Wiki for Call for Papers WorldCat Zenodo

Knee Osteoarthritis in Farmers: Occupational Risk, Functional Burden and Comparative Review of Patient Reported and Performance Based Assessment Scales

Author(s) Dr. PARSHWA MAYURBHAI JOSHI, Prof. Dr. DEVENDRA JADAV
Country India
Abstract Background: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a major cause of pain, functional limitation and disability. Farmers represent an important occupational population because agricultural work commonly involves kneeling, squatting, prolonged standing and walking, lifting, carrying and repetitive knee loading. Epidemiological evidence supports an association between physically demanding agricultural work and KOA, with particularly consistent evidence for cumulative kneeling or squatting exposure.
Objective: To review the occupational relationship between farming and KOA and compare commonly used clinical, patient-reported and performance-based assessment instruments, with emphasis on the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Oxford Knee Score (OKS), Lequesne index, pain scales, Kellgren–Lawrence radiographic grading and OARSI performance-based measures.
Methods: A structured narrative review was prepared using peer-reviewed literature identified through PubMed/MEDLINE and major biomedical literature sources, supplemented by established measurement and clinical guidance documents. Literature concerning occupational knee loading, farming, kneeling and squatting, KOA, and measurement properties of KOA outcome instruments was critically synthesized. Particular attention was given to validity, reliability, responsiveness, interpretability, feasibility and applicability to agricultural workers.
Conclusion: Farming is an important occupational context associated with increased KOA risk, although it should not be regarded as a sole cause. No single outcome instrument captures structural disease, pain, function, performance and occupational participation simultaneously. A multidimensional assessment combining a validated patient-reported measure such as LEFS, WOMAC, KOOS or OKS with pain assessment, appropriate structural assessment and objective performance testing can provide a more complete picture of KOA in farmers.
Keywords Knee Osteoarthritis, Farmers, Agricultural Workers, Occupational Exposure, Kneeling, Squatting, LEFS, KOOS, WOMAC, Oxford Knee Score, Physical Function Knee osteoarthritis; farmers; agricultural workers; occupational exposure; kneeling; squatting; LEFS; KOOS; WOMAC; Oxford Knee Score; OARSI; physical function; disability.
Field Medical / Pharmacy
Published In Volume 8, Issue 5, September-October 2026
Published On 2026-10-19
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i05.90055
View / Download PDF File

Share this



E-ISSN 2582-2160
CrossRef

CrossRef DOI prefix of IJFMR is 10.36948/ijfmr

Downloads
Research Paper Format Copyright Permission Form and Undertaking Form

All research papers published on this website are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, and all rights belong to their respective authors/researchers.

CC-BY-SA Open Access

About IJFMR
Fees & Payment
Current Issue
Publication Archive 		Submit Research Paper
Track Submission Status
Publication Guidelines
Publication Ethics
Peer Review & Plagiarism 		Join as a Reviewer
Editors & Reviewers
Reviewer Referral Program
Get Reviewer Membership Certi. 		Website/Journal Policies
Usage Policy
Content Policies
Privacy Policy
Contact Us +91-9687-828-838 editor@ijfmr.com
Powered by Sky Research Publication and Journals