International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Volume 8 Issue 5
September-October 2026

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Pre-Monsoon Groundwater Quality and Suitability for Drinking in Kahalgaon, Bihar: Physico-Chemical Parameters, Heavy Metals and Water Quality Index

Author(s) Mr. Md Nadir
Country India
Abstract Water and its quality are essential for the survival of human beings. Water is necessary for agriculture, drinking, industrial and several other purposes. Due to certain anthropogenic activities, the groundwater quality in the sub-division of Kahalgaon of Bhagalpur district in Bihar, India, has deteriorated. This paper focuses on the water quality analysis of the region with respect to physico-chemical parameters. The samples have also been analyzed for the presence of some heavy metals. Parameters such as pH, TDS, salinity and electrical conductivity were tested on site. Testing for alkalinity and hardness was done as per the CPCB Water and Waste Water Manual. Further, an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) was used for the analysis of arsenic, chromium, lead and zinc, which were below the detection limit in all samples. The analyzed results have been compared with the Indian Standard drinking water specifications (IS 10500:2012). A total of 28 samples were collected from tube wells and open wells of the area. The pH of all but one sample was within the acceptable limit. The average concentrations of TDS, total hardness, alkalinity (as CaCO₃) and salinity are 762 mg/L, 213 mg/L, 361 mg/L and 565 mg/L respectively, and the average TDS, hardness and alkalinity exceed the acceptable limits, with only 21% and 7% of the samples complying for TDS and alkalinity respectively. The Water Quality Index (WQI) has also been calculated, which indicates that 54% of the samples collected have good quality water and 43% have poor quality water. Only one location, Daulatpur, had excellent water quality, and no sample was very poor or unsuitable for drinking as per the WQI classification.
Keywords Groundwater quality, Water Quality Index (WQI), Physico-chemical parameters, Heavy metals, Kahalgaon, Bhagalpur, Bihar, IS 10500:2012
Field Engineering
Published In Volume 8, Issue 5, September-October 2026
Published On 2026-10-22
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i05.90062
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CrossRef DOI prefix of IJFMR is 10.36948/ijfmr

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