International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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Volume 8 Issue 5
September-October 2026

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NEP 2020 and Socio-Economic Inequality in Education: A Critical Analysis of NEP 2020

Author(s) Mr. SHAKEB SARWAR
Country India
Abstract The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 is structured to enhance equity, with a particular emphasis on socio-economically disadvantaged groups. It introduces initiatives such as Special Education Zones and a Gender Inclusion Fund, extends the schooling age range from three to eighteen years, and targets universal school participation by 2030. This study examines the potential of the policy, both in its design and implementation, to mitigate socio-economic disparities within the Indian education system. A descriptive research design approached, the analysis draws on policy documents, government reports, national surveys, and academic literature. The investigation focuses on four dimensions of inequality: access, affordability, quality, and finance. The data indicates that families incur expenses approximately nine times higher per child in private schools compared to government schools, with over 25% of students engage in private tutors, and expenditure on daughters being less than that on sons. Public education expenditure stands at approximately four percent of GDP, falling short of the policy's six percent target. The paper contends that while NEP 2020 acknowledges these challenges, it lacks mechanisms for resource redistribution. Consequently, it proposes an Equity Realizations Framework to address three identified gaps: recognition, resource, and realization.
Keywords NEP 2020; educational equity; socio-economic inequality; educational policy; India; privatisation of education
Field Sociology > Education
Published In Volume 8, Issue 5, September-October 2026
Published On 2026-10-18
DOI https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i05.90101
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CrossRef DOI prefix of IJFMR is 10.36948/ijfmr

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