International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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Chemical Composition of industrial Effluent and Its Effect on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Some Rabi Crops—Wheat, Barley and Gram

Author(s) Rajeev Kumar Singh, Ruchi Agarwal
Country India
Abstract Industrial effluents can alter the chemical quality of receiving waters and may affect agricultural soils and crop establishment when used for irrigation. This study examined the physico-chemical characteristics and selected heavy-metal concentrations of effluent from industrial area of Bareilly, and assessed its effects on seed germination and early seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum), barley (Hordeum vulgare) and gram (Cicer arietinum). Effluent samples were collected fortnightly and analysed using the procedures described in APHA (1980); heavy metals were estimated by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Seeds were exposed to 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% effluent, with distilled water as the control, and each treatment was replicated three times. The supplied study reports that 25% and 50% effluent generally stimulated germination and seedling growth, whereas 75% and 100% effluent reduced these parameters. Barley showed the highest germination and shoot-length response, while gram had the greatest root length at lower concentrations. The effluent record also showed elevated values for several parameters, including COD, free carbon dioxide, chloride and selected metals relative to the tolerance values reproduced in the original article. The results indicate a concentration-dependent response and highlight the need for effluent treatment and current, site-specific testing before any agricultural reuse. The low-concentration stimulation observed in a laboratory germination assay should not be interpreted as evidence that untreated effluent is safe for irrigation.
Keywords industrial effluent; seed germination; seedling growth; wheat; barley; gram; heavy metals; phytotoxicity
Field Chemistry
Published In Volume 7, Issue 6, November-December 2025
Published On 2025-12-10
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E-ISSN 2582-2160
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CrossRef DOI prefix of IJFMR is 10.36948/ijfmr

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