Indigenous Chicken Production Practices; Adoption Rates, Market Participation, and Determinants of Adoption Score Among Smallholder Farmers in Chikankata District, Zambia.

Mostan Habunga

doi:10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i05.90191

Indigenous Chicken Production Practices; Adoption Rates, Market Participation, and Determinants of Adoption Score Among Smallholder Farmers in Chikankata District, Zambia.

Author(s)	Mr. Mostan Habunga
Country	Zambia
Abstract	Indigenous chickens (ICs) play an important role in the livelihoods of smallholder farmers in Zambia. However, there is limited empirical information on the adoption of, market participation, and their influencing factors among these farmers in Chikankata District. This study evaluated the adoption of IC production practices, compared the adoption status between market participants and non-participants, and determined the factors influencing adoption score among 202 IC farmers. Data were collected from 202 smallholder farmers selected using a multistage sampling technique. Descriptive statistics, an independent samples t-test, chi-square test, and Poisson regression analysis with robust standard errors were used in the analysis. The study revealed that clean water availability was almost universal (97%), while improved breed adoption was very low (0.5%). In addition, market participants recorded a significantly higher adoption score (M = 4.99, SD = 2.49) than the non-participants (M = 3.60, SD = 1.63; t = 4.745, p < 0.001). Poisson regression analysis indicated that access to extension services (IRR = 1.474, p < 0.001) and credit (IRR = 1.449, p < 0.001) were the most influential factors associated with adoption score positively. Similarly, flock size (IRR = 1.006, p < 0.001) and income from poultry sales (IRR = 1.0001, p < 0.001) were positively associated with adoption score. However, experience with improved chickens (IRR = 0.987, SD = 2.490) and training frequency (IRR = 0.885, SD = 2.491) were negatively related to adoption score. It was concluded that increasing adoption score of IC production practices by smallholder farmers in Zambia requires promoting access to financial services and extension services.
Keywords	Indigenous Chicken, Production Practices, Adoption, Market Participation, Zambia.
Published In	Volume 8, Issue 5, September-October 2026
Published On	2026-10-21
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i05.90191

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Indigenous Chicken Production Practices; Adoption Rates, Market Participation, and Determinants of Adoption Score Among Smallholder Farmers in Chikankata District, Zambia.

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