International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

E-ISSN: 2582-2160   •   Impact Factor: 9.24

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Volume 8 Issue 5
September-October 2026

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Efficacy of Neurofeedback Training in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review of Clinical, Cognitive, and Neurophysiological Outcomes

Author(s) Dr. Satyadhar Dwivedi
Country India
Abstract Background: Schizophrenia remains a disabling psychiatric disorder with incomplete response to pharmacotherapy, particularly for negative and cognitive symptoms. Neurofeedback (NF), a noninvasive neuromodulation approach, has garnered attention as an adjunctive therapy aimed at enhancing self-regulation of brain activity. Objective: This review examines recent clinical evidence on the efficacy of neurofeedback training, especially electroencephalographic neurofeedback (EEG-NF), in improving the positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. Methods: Data were synthesized from systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2015 and 2025 and indexed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase databases. Results: Across multiple RCTs and meta-analyses, sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) bands were identified across multiple RCTs and meta-analyses. Complementary reviews confirmed consistent improvements in self-regulation capacity, cognitive flexibility, and functional connectivity in the frontotemporal regions. Moreover, NF protocols focusing on impulsivity and aggression in male patients with schizophrenia demonstrated marked reductions in PANSS and MOAS scores after six weeks. Conclusion: Contemporary evidence supports EEG-neurofeedback as an effective adjunct to pharmacotherapy in schizophrenia, especially for negative and cognitive symptom domains. However, heterogeneity in protocols, biomarkers, and follow-up duration necessitates further large, standardized RCTs to establish long-term efficacy and neurophysiological mechanisms.
Keywords Neurofeedback, EEG, Schizophrenia, SMR training, Cognitive symptoms, Adjunctive therapy
Field Biology > Medical / Physiology
Published In Volume 8, Issue 5, September-October 2026
Published On 2026-10-26
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E-ISSN 2582-2160
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CrossRef DOI prefix of IJFMR is 10.36948/ijfmr

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