Seasonal Comparative study of Air Quality Index between Residential and Commercial Zones of Jhansi City

Author(s)	Ms. Angita, Prof. Vinit Kumar, Dr. Ekta Panday
Country	India
Abstract	Smaller Indian cities such as Jhansi have few published comparisons of air quality between city zones and across seasons. We compared a residential site (Site 1, BIET campus area) with a commercial site (Site 2, Bus Stand) using monthly mean PM10, SO2, and NO2 for every month of 2023 and 2024. Sampling and analysis followed CPCB guidelines, and the sub-indices and overall Air Quality Index (AQI) were calculated by the CPCB method and checked against the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). PM10 was higher at the commercial site in 22 of 24 paired months, but the mean gap was only 2.64 µg/m³ (2.4%). PM10 decided on the AQI in every month at both sites. Seasonal AQI ran from 82 to 163; of 48 site-months, 27 were Moderate, 20 Satisfactory, and one Good. Post-monsoon was the most polluted season in both years, and monthly PM10 passed the 24-hour limit of 100 µg/m³ in 28 of 48 site-months, while SO₂ and NO₂ never reached theirs. Concentrations were lower in 2024, mainly after the monsoon (about 39%). The difference between zones is consistent but small, and without traffic or weather records it cannot be tied to particular sources.
Keywords	Air Quality Index; PM10; SO2; NO2; seasonal variation; CPCB; NAAQS, air pollution
Published In	Volume 8, Issue 5, September-October 2026
Published On	2026-09-02
DOI	https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i05.90482

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