Biotechnological Approaches to Biodiversity Conservation and Environmental Management

Khyati Shrivastava; Priyanka Tiwari

Biotechnological Approaches to Biodiversity Conservation and Environmental Management

Author(s)	Ms. Khyati Shrivastava, Dr. Priyanka Tiwari
Country	India
Abstract	Biodiversity refers to the structural, functional and evolutionary variability among living organisms across genetic, species and ecosystem hierarchical tiers. Accelerating industrialization, habitat fragmentation, deforestation, agrochemical saturation and anthropogenic climate change have initiated a modern mass extinction event that compromises ecological stability and human survival. Traditional conservation frameworks, while foundational, are increasingly constrained by environmental stressors and spatial limitations. Modern biotechnology provides powerful interventions that mitigate biodiversity loss through integrated ex-situ and in-situ conservation strategies. Techniques such as somatic embryogenesis, apical meristem micro propagation, cryopreservation at ultra-low temperatures, synthetic seed technology and high-density DNA banking facilitate the long-term preservation and recovery of endangered, endemic and economically vital germplasm. Recombinant DNA technology, high-throughput molecular marker profiling and next-generation sequencing further allow precise monitoring of population genetics, overcoming bottlenecks such as inbreeding depression. In environmental management, microbial bioremediation, phytoremediation and bio-fermentation processes offer scalable solutions for soil and aquatic detoxification. This review analyses the biotechnological tools applied to biodiversity conservation through a structured literature synthesis and four comparative assessments. Peer-reviewed global assessments show that between 13.6 % (birds) and 40.7 % (amphibians) of assessed species in six major lineages are threatened, with a distinct dominant driver in each lineage, so interventions must be matched to the lineage. An ordinal field-suitability index ranks SSR and SNP platforms highest (4.00 of 5) for conservation genetics, while comparisons of ex-situ and remediation technologies show that they are complementary rather than interchangeable. The review also examines regulatory and bio safety considerations and emerging techniques including genome editing and environmental DNA. The synthesis concludes that biotechnological intervention functions most effectively as a complement to habitat protection rather than as a substitute for it.
Keywords	Conservation biotechnology, Biodiversity loss, Cryopreservation, Micro propagation, DNA banking, Molecular markers, Bio remediation, Genome editing
Field	Biology > Genetics / Molecular
Published In	Volume 8, Issue 5, September-October 2026
Published On	2026-10-26

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International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research

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Biotechnological Approaches to Biodiversity Conservation and Environmental Management

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